ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

• The people with blindness who made these experiments possible, took part in some difficult tasks, and shared their personal fears, concerns, and difficulties.
  
  
• Dr. Williams and the Deicke Low Vision Center in Wheaton, IL and Don Davea from the Illinois Department of Rehabilitation for helping me confront a visual disability.  
  
  
• Esther Acha, Stella-Nell Akoni, and the staff of the California Department of Rehabilitation for providing adaptive technologies and accommodations.
  
  
• My advisor, Dr. Reginald Golledge, for his support, wisdom, and guidance.   His accomplishments are an inspiration that those with disability “can-do.”
  
  
• Dr. Bill Crandall provided much needed information and tireless assistance for the project and along with Theresa Postello and Linda Myers provided assistance at the San Francisco site that made this experiment possible.    
  
  
• Dr.’s Dan Montello and Rick Church for their guidance with this research..  
  
  
• Bill Norrington for his massive efforts to proof and edit this document.
  
  
• Susan Baumgart for her photography and beautiful illustrations.
  
  
• Mark Grosch for his technical support on document preparation.
  
  
• The Department of Geography for the opportunity to study and do research.
  
  
• The many friends who encouraged me during this journey.
  
  
• California PATH Program of the University of California, in cooperation with the State of California Business, Transportation, and Housing Agency, Department of Transportation; and the United States Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, for partial funding support. 
  
  
• University of California Transportation Center for partial funding of this research and dissertation.