Review:

Cartographic Elements

Figure/ground
Neat line
text/feature/place names
legend
inset

Goal: Visual balance of elements
Balance = f(color, position, selection, generalization, etc)

process flow measurement->data->selection->representation->symbolization->map

Symbolizing Spatial Data

Spatial Dimension

points
lines
areas
volumes

Discrete vs. Continuous Attributes vs. Space

Levels of Measurement

Nominal
Ordinal
Interval
Ratio
 

spacing
size
perspective height
orientation
shape
arrangement
hue
lightness
saturation