Geography 176B Mid-Term Test

8 February 2007

 

1. The term “interoperability” refers to:

a. the ability of two GISs to exchange data without conversion

b. the use of two different data models within one GIS

c. the ability of a GIS to combine different layers of information

d. the use of common keys to link tables in a relational model

2. How many classes of objects are found in a TIGER data set?

a. 1

b. 2

c. 3

d. 4

3. In a TIGER file the endpoints of each street segment are defined by:

a. overpasses

b. municipal boundaries

c. intersections

d. bends in the street

4. In a UML drawing each object class is shown as a box. The middle part of each box shows:

a. the name of the class

b. the methods associated with the class

c. the subclasses associated with the class

d. the attributes associated with the class

5. Santa Barbara MTD decides to build a geodatabase to keep track of bus stops. The geodatabase has two classes of objects: streets and bus stops. Each street is one record in the streets class, and each bus stop is one record in the bus stop class. A street can have any number of bus stops, including 0. A bus stop is always located on exactly one street. What symbol(s) appear at the street end of the line depicting this association?

a. 0

b. 1

c. 0…n

d. 1…n

6. Which GIS data model is most like the data models used in CAD systems?

a. shapefile

b. coverage

c. geodatabase

d. relational

7. A database represents the boundaries of the nations of Europe. When the user clicks on France and drags the cursor the outline of France separates from the rest of Europe like a piece of a jigsaw. Which data model is being used?

a. shapefile

b. coverage

c. geodatabase

d. relational

8. The “polyline M” option in ArcGIS is used to:

a. keep track of elevations along a polyline

b. keep track of distances along a polyline

c. handle polylines that have multiple parts

d. merge multiple parts of polylines

9. Object-oriented models are more powerful than relational models because they offer:

a. inheritance

b. encapsulation

c. both inheritance and encapsulation

d. neither inheritance nor encapsulation

10. Two polygons of equal area are merged. One had a value of 400 on a certain attribute, and the other had a value of 600 on the same attribute. The combined polygon is given a value of 1000 on this attribute. This is appropriate if the attribute is:

a. spatially intensive

b. spatially extensive

c. stored as a single precision real number

d. stored as a double precision real number

11. A GIS is said to be “hybrid” if it:

a. supports more than one data model

b. handles both spatially intensive and spatially extensive attributes

c. stores attributes and feature geometry in two separate subsystems

d. uses the COM standard

12. The coverage model was popular in early GIS because it:

a. implemented the relational model, a popular database model

b. avoided the effort of double-digitizing of shared boundaries

c. ensured that shared boundaries appeared as single lines

d. all of the above

13. When a coverage is digitized, all boundaries are first captured as polylines or “spaghetti”. These are then analyzed by the computer, to close gaps, remove overshoots, and form closed polygons. This operation is termed:

a. cooking the noodles

b. buffering

c. building topology

d. polyline overlay

14. Visio is:

 

a.       A standard for encoding images

b.      A software package for building diagrams and charts

c.       The section of ArcMap that creates visual displays of data

d.      A language for describing relational models

 

15. As the term has been used in this course, a representation is:

 

a.       A model of some aspect of the geographic world

b.      An attribute

c.       A polyline

d.      An object class with no geometry

 

16. Which is not a reason for using representations?

 

a.       To communicate

b.      To acquire knowledge about the world beyond the space-time limits of our senses

c.       To deal with an infinitely complex world

d.      To see what is within our line of sight

 

17. Where is ASCII representation commonly used in GIS?

 

a.       To encode coordinates

b.      To encode annotation

c.       To encode attributes that record densities per unit area

d.      To encode attribute feature IDs

 

18. An isoline map of mean annual temperature reflects what view of the world?

 

a.       Discrete object

b.      Continuous field

c.       Neither of the above

 

19. Which of the following is not consistent with a continuous-field conceptualization?

 

a.       A map of population density

b.      A map of individual cases of a disease

c.       A map of land cover class

d.      A map of soil moisture content

 

20. Which of the following best captures the sense of Tobler’s First Law?

 

a.       All important places are at the corners of four map sheets

b.      There is no average place on the Earth’s surface

c.       Nearby things are more similar than distant things

d.      It is impossible to measure location on the Earth’s surface exactly

 

21. Which is not a benefit of a database approach?

 

a.       There is no need for the user to care about the details of disk, tape, etc.

b.      All reading and writing to any storage device occurs through a simple interface.

c.       The user can easily replace the database layer with another vendor's product.

d.      Databases impose no restrictions on data models.

 

22. Earliest versions of ARC/INFO used which database product?

 

a.       INFO

b.      Oracle

c.       Informix

d.      Empress

23. All cases in a relational table must have:

 

a.       The same attribute values

b.      The same locations

c.       The same number of attributes

d.      None of the above

 

24. Which ArcGIS data model is termed the georelational model?

 

a.       Shapefile

b.      Coverage

c.       Geodatabase

d.      TIN

 

25. A section of common boundary between two adjacent areas is termed:

 

a.       An arc

b.      A node

c.       A polygon

d.      A junction

 

26. Which is a measure of spatial dependence?

 

a.       Moran’s index

b.      Thiessen polygon

c.       Euler’s law

d.      Pythagoras’s theorem

 

27. What is a Richardson plot?

 

a.       A strategy to sell more copies of GIS software

b.      A square parcel in a cadastral database

c.       A graph showing lengths of a feature at different scales

d.      A relationship between variance and distance

 

28. What is a use case?

 

a.       An example application used in planning a database

b.      An entry in a relational table

c.       A method associated with a class

d.      A container for a laptop

 

29. What is the difference between an aggregation and a composition?

 

a.       All of the elements of a composition must have geographic locations

b.      All of the elements of an aggregation must have geographic locations

c.       Removal of one member of a composition destroys the composition

d.      Removal of one member of an aggregation destroys the aggregation

 

30. Following is an AAT. In what order do the arcs occur in a clockwise direction around Polygon A?

 

Arc ID

RPOLY

LPOLY

From node

To node

1

A

0

1

2

2

C

0

2

4

3

0

B

1

4

4

C

A

3

2

5

A

B

3

1

6

B

C

3

4

 

a.       5,1,4

b.      5,4,1

c.       1,2,3

d.      1,3,2