Geography 176A Final Examination 12/10/96
Answer all of the questions on the pink scanner sheet by bubbling out your selection with a No. 2 pencil. Please bubble out your name on the sheet before you begin. Listen carefully to the instructions you will be given before starting the exam. Be sure to label your answer sheet with your test version. The final word definitions should be written on this sheet in the space provided, and turned in separately.
1. The MEAN is a. The sum of attribute values divided by the number of records. b. A representative value. c. The same as the average value. d. A number which converges on the true reading for measurements with normally distributed errors. e. All of the above.
2. The following are members of the "critical six" GIS functional capabilities EXCEPT: a. Data capture b. Data management c. Data Analysis d. Networking e. Data display.
3. Which of the following is one of the "Big Eight" GIS packages outlined in class? a. Aldus Freehand b. MicroStation MGE c. Desktop Illustrator d. Adobe PhotoShop e. Wearable GIS
4. A raster GIS (such as Idrisi) a. Can be used for site selection b. Can assign multiple attributes to a single area c. Can have nearly the same precision as a vector GIS d. Can do distance buffering e. All of the above
5. Attributes are almost always best classified by: a. Quantiles b. Equal Intervals c. Unique Values d. Natural breaks e. None of the above
6. When you "select from set" in ArcView, the logical (Boolean) equivalent is: a. OR b. AND c. NOT d. Exclusive OR e. none of the above
7. Given the following data:
Tract# pop. # households cars/household
1 1,000 400 4
2 4,000 1,200 3
3 3,000 1,000 2
and the following series of queries:
New Set -- cars/household > 2
Select From Set -- # of households > 100
Add To Set -- population > 2,000
Select From Set -- # of households < 1,200
Which tracts are selected?
a. no tracts selected b. tracts 1 and 2 c. tracts 1 and 3 d. tracts 2 and 3 e. all tracts are selected
8. The spatial equivalent of the attribute standard deviation is the: a. standard distance b. median c. TIN distance d. mean attribute e. normalized variance.
9. A buffer operation performed on a point selects an area shaped like a: a. Rectangle b. Square c. Triangle d. Circle e. Polygonal Mickey Mouse-Ears shape.
10. A "find" operation in attribute space is equivalent to what sort of spatial retrieval? a. Buffer b. Buffet c. Locate d. Zinger e. Overlay
11. Mapping residuals shows: a. The answer. b. The US Gender ratio c. The results of a linear regression d. Discrepancies from a data trend spatially. e. What states have missing data.
12. The center of a region is sometimes called the: a. Centroid b. Median c. Residual d. State Capital e. Avatar
13. Which of the following are NOT map elements. a. Text b. Neat line c. Legend d. Figure e. Window
14. Types of mapping for areal data include: a. Area qualitative. b. Hypsometric c. Stepped Surface d. Choroplethic e. All of these are types.
15. Stevens' levels of data scaling do NOT include: a. Ordinal b. Nominal c. Ratio d. Dasymetric e. Interval
16. The visual balance of a map design is affected by: a. The map's visual center. b. The layout of elements on the page. c. The relative "weight" of the symbols. d. The colors used on the map. e. All of these factors and more.
17. During the 1980s: a. Spreadsheet software was ported to the microcomputer. b. The relational database manager emerged to lead in DBMS. c. GISs began to develop a single integrated user interface. d. GISs developed more device independence. e. All of these things happened together.
18. Typical data input or data capture functional capabilities for GIS DO NOT include: a. Digitizing. b. Scanning c. Mosaicing d. editing e. File compression
19. An advantage of raster data storage is: a. The precision is held intact. b. It is easy to transform between map projections. c. The link to the feature model of the landscape. d. The smaller amount of data to be stored. e. They can be used as a grid backdrop for further GIS work.
20. Which of the following is useful to consider when selecting a GIS? a. cost b. upgradeability c. ease of installation d. training e. All of these and more.
21. A case study of GIS use not covered in class was: a. Lyme disease analysis in Westchester County. b. Gyspy moth monitoring and treatment in Michigan. c. Selecting a location for growing grapes for wine production in Santa Barbara County. d. Selecting sites for ocean dumping off of New York City. e. A GIS to support community environmental decision making in Brooklyn.
22. Which of the following is FALSE. a. Gypsy moth spread in Michigan is by diffusion. b. Site selection problems are often solved using weighted overlays. c. Many GIS "analyses" simply map existing data. d. Only a raster GIS can do overlay analysis. e. Cross linking and registering diverse data bases was the key to the application in Brooklyn.
23. GIS data in the future will not come from: a. NASA's EOSDIS b. Landsat 7 c. Private Satellites d. The U.S. Federal Government e. Landsat 6
24. The four revolutions discussed in class for the future of GIS did NOT include: a. The workstation revolution. b. The PC revolution c. The mobility revolution d. The American Revolution e. The Network revolution.
25. An example of a user interface metaphor in existing computer operating systems and GISs is: a. The window. b. The portal. c. the telephone book d. The desktop. e. The surf board.
26. Hyperinteractivity is: a. A new level of highly mobile and multisensory input and output systems for interacting with computers and GISs. b. A sort of bar code scanned at supermarket checkouts. c. The period just before an exam or an election. d. Overuse of the WWW. e. Caused by the bite of the tick Gargantua digitalis.
27. Which discipline has yet to start using GIS technology? a. English literature. b. Anthropology c. Law d. Epidemiology e. K-12 education.
28. Which of the following explains why federally generated digital map data in the USA are available at minimal cost to the GIS user? a. The copyrights are still owned by the British Crown. b. The data were produced largely by private corporations. c. The data is public information covered by the Freedom of Information Act. d. The data are owned by the federal Bit Police and Bill Gates. e. The New Deal.
29. In the text, several issues are suggested as of future concern in GIS. Not included was: a. Privacy. b. Data ownership. c. International discrepancies in data ownership and availability. d. Funding for GIS research. e. That computing is not about computers any more, but about living.
30. A type of map that shows the existence of a geographic class within areas on the map. Colors, patterns and shades are usually used. Examples are geology, soils, and land use maps. This is called a: a. Geological map. b. Avatar. c. area qualitative map d. Dasymetric map e. ATLAS*GIS
31.A map that shows numerical data (but not simply "counts") for a group of regions by (i) classifying the data into classes and (ii) shading each class on the map is called: a. Color table b. Dasymetric c. ASCII d. Choropleth e. Stepped surface
32.A component of a user interface that can reveal to the user information that assists with the current status of other elements of the user interface is called: a. Context-sensitive help. b. ArcView c. the Big Eight d. The contour interval e. CORONA
33. The part of the DBMS that allows the user to set up a new data base, to specify how many attributes there will be, what the types and lengths or numerical ranges of each attribute will be and how much editing the user is allowed to do is called the: a. data entry module b. data base manager c. ASCII d. SDTS e. the data definition language
34. The ability of software to run with little difference from a user's perspective on any computer or on any specialized device, such as a printer or plotter is called: a. Device independence. b. Desktop metaphor. c. Difference of means d. DBMS e. GUI
35. The definition "A graphic depiction of all or part of a geographic realm in which real-world features have been replaced with symbols in their correct spatial location at a reduced scale" is that of a: a. geographic information system b. ArcView c. functional capability d. map e. design
36. Which statement is FALSE? a. Visual balance is affected by the "weight" of the symbols, the visual hierarchy of the symbols and elements, and the location of the elements with respect to each other and the visual center of the map. b. Symbols, especially colors, are subject to the constraints of cartographic convention. c. Color is a complex visual variable, and in a GIS is specified by RGB or HSI values. d. GIS systems generate only final product, permanent or "real" maps in their display functions. e. Design errors are common with GIS use, and include incorrect selections of map type, and symbolization errors.
37. Which statement is FALSE? a. Some data capture functions are digitizing, scanning, mosaicing, editing, generalization, and topological cleaning. b. Storage functions are compression, metadata handling, control via macros or languages, and format support. c. Some data management functions are physical model support, the DBMS, address matching, masking and cookie cutting. d. Some data retrieval functions are locating, selecting by attributes, buffering, map overlay, and map algebra. e. Some data display functions are interpolation, optimal path selection, geometric tests, and slope calculation.
38. Which statement is TRUE? a. Many GIS functional capabilities are completely independent of their particular data structure. b. Vector systems work best in forestry, photogrammetry, remote sensing, terrain analysis & hydrology. c. Raster systems work best for land parcels, census data, precise positional data and networks. d. Some data display functions are desktop mapping, interactive modification of cartographic elements, and graphic file export. e. The very first generation of GIS software used graphical user interfaces and the desktop/WIMP model.
39. For a large number of records distributed with random errors in their measurement, the histogram resembles a _____, and is symmetrical about the _____. a. bell curve, mean b. variance, binomial c. fractal, origin d. variogram, variance e. bell curve, datum.
40. Which of the following is unlikely to influence the future of GIS? a. The World Wide Web. b. Scientific Visualization c. A single multiple choice test. d. Statistical Packages e. Object-oriented programming and databases.
Word Definitions: Give dictionary style definitions of the following terms. Use complete sentences.
Turn in this sheet separately from the scanner sheet. Write your answers directly on this sheet.
START BY WRITING YOUR NAME HERE______________________________________
41. geographic information system
42. goodness-of-fit
43. industry standard format
44. map design
45. National Spatial Data Clearinghouse
46. overlay weighting
47. picture symbol map
48. precision
49. base layer or map
50. user interface